Introduction 1
The General Approach 1
The Comparative Situation: Grade levels 5/2000 vs. 5/2001 1
The research strategy 2
Instrumentation 2
Sampling and Comparability 3
The Analytic Approach 3
Conceptual Considerations 3
Technical considerations 4
Data quality and other constraints 4
Achievement scores 4
Estimating one-year gain 5
Descriptive results 5
Quantitative characteristics of the study 5
Scope of the grade 5 samples 5
Student Achievements in a context 5
Levels of achievement at different grade levels, by gender 5
Family SES 6
General achievement and family socio-economic status 7
General achievement and other background conditions 8
Further descriptive information 8
Differences between the grade 5 samples, and grade levels 8
Teaching practices as described by students (discriminant analyses) 8
Conclusions concerning the descriptive results 9
A Discriminant Analysis approach 10
School-related variables 11
Teacher and instruction-related variables 12
Student-related variables 14
Conclusion 15
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